Cardiology MCQ- Cause of Sudden Cardiac Death

A 19 year old girl is noted to have a reduced upper to lower body segment ratio, positive Walker and Steinberg signs, and pectus carinatum. Her father died suddenly at the age of 32. She is subsequently diagnosed with Marfan’s syndrome. Which of the following was the likely cause of death of her father?

Congestive heart failure

Aortic dissection

Myocardial infarction

Aortic valve regurgitation

Mitral valve prolapse

Click The appropriate Option

Echocardiography- Massive Pericardial Effusion

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Cardiology MCQ - Make your Diagnosis

A 72 year old female with a history of breast cancer and tobacco use complains of dizziness and dyspnea on exertion. Her heart sounds are distant and her systolic blood pressure is noted to markedly decrease with inspiration. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

A) Constrictive cardiomyopathy

B) Mitral valve Stenosis

C) Congestive heart failure

D) Pulmonary embolus

E) Cardiac Tamponade

Answer    E

                 Cancer is the most common cause of pericardial effusion and when enough fluid accumulates in the pericardial space, cardiac tamponade occurs. “Pulsus paradoxus” is when there is a decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration due to failure of the right ventricle to accept the normal increased venous return that occurs with inspiration. This also results in a “Kussmal’s sign” or elevated jugular venous distension during inspiration (normally the opposite occurs). Treatment is with emergent pericardiocentesis.

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Cardiology Case Scenario 1

Click one of the Options to Choose your Answer 

A 68 year old male with history of Hypertension, Diabetes and Urinary retention awoke feeling nauseated and light headed. He did not respond to questions from his wife. When the emergency medical technicians arrived, his blood pressure was 60 mmHg by palpation. IV fluids and oxygen were administered. Vital signs obtained in the ER were blood pressure 60 mmHg, heart rate 120 (regular), temp 39 degree celsius and respiratory rate 30/min. A brief physical examination revealed coarse rales approximately halfway up in the chest bilaterally and inaudible heart sounds. An indwelling urinary catheter was placed with drainage of 10-20 ml of dark urine. Chest X-ray revealed bilateral interstitial infiltrates. ECG was unremarkable except for sinus tachycardia. Antibiotics were administered and patient was transferred to the ICU where right heart catheterization was performed. Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure was 28 mmHg. Cardiac output was 1.9 L/min. Right atrial mean pressure was 10 mmHg. The most likely cause for this man`s hypertension was...



left ventricular Dysfunction

Right ventricular Infarction

Gram Negative Sepsis

Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Pulmonary Emboli




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