Anatomy of The Heart

Which of the following regarding the anatomy of the heart is true?

1. The Aortic valve is Tricuspid
2. The Ascending aorta is entirely outside the pericardial sac
3. The left Atrial appendage is identified readily by transthoracic echocardiography
4. The Pulmonary trunk lies anterior to the ascending aorta
5. The Right atrium is posterior to the left atrium.

ANSWER (1) The Aortic Valve is Tricuspid

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Congenital Heart Disease

Which of the following concerning congenital heart disease is correct?

1. ASD is the commonest malformation at birth
2. Congenital complete heart block is usually associated with Anti-Ro antibodies in the mother
3. Ebstein's anomaly is associated with maternal exposure to lithium carbonate
4. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is characterised by a large, dilated left ventricle
5. Osteogenesis Imperfecta is associated with Aortic Stenosis
   
   
   
   
   
   
   ANSWER is (3) 
   
   
   
   
   
   

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Prevention of Myocardial Infarction

A 68 year old  diabetic male presents to a clinic for advice on prevention of a further heart attack after having sustained a myocardial infarction four years previously. He takes Metformin 500 mg tds, bendrofluazide 2.5 mg daily and Asprin 150 mg daily. BMI was 34.5 kg/m², with a pulse of 85 beats per minute regular and a blood pressure of 150/90 mmHg. His cholesterol level is 3.4 mmol/l (< 5.5). What is the most appropriate strategy for this patient?

1. 24 hr Holter Monitoring
2. Atorvastatin
3. Increase the dose of Aspirin from 150 mg to 300 mg daily
4. Orlistat
5. Ramipril

ANSWER (5) Ramipril


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Cardiology MCQs - Long QT Syndrome

Which one of the following Antiarrhythmic agents can be used in the Management of long QT syndrome?

1. Amiodarone
2. Sotalol
3. Flecainide
4. Propafenone
5. Atenolol

ANSWER (5) Atenolol

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Cardiology MCQs - Myocardial Infarction

Which one of the following findings is the most specific for the diagnosis of Myocardial Infarction?

1. An akinetic area of Left Ventricle wall motion on ECH0
2. Elevated cardiac enzymes
3. ST Segment elevation on ECG
4. Positive history of severe chest pain
5. Evolution of Q waves on the ECG
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   
   ANSWER (5) Evolution Q Waves on the ECG

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Cardiology MCQs - Myocarditis

Which of the following infections is least likely to cause myocarditis?

1. Coxsackie virus
2. Diphtheria
3. Chagas Disease
4. Syphillis
5. Toxoplasmosis

ANSWER (4) Syphilis, The answer is Syphilis as it involves CVS as ascending Aortic aneurysm and aortic regurgitation.


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Cardiology MCQs - Coronary Artery Dissection

Coronary Artery Dissection is seen in which of the following Syndromes ?

1. Pseudoxanthoma Elastoma
2. Homocysteinuria
3. Hurlers Syndrome
4. Ehlers Danlos Syndrome









ANSWER (4)  Ehlers Danlos Syndrome

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Cardiology MCQs - Coronary Artery Aneurysm

Coronary Artery Aneurysms are most Common in ......

1. LCX
2. LMCA
3. LAD
4. RCA

ANSWER (3   ... LAD

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Isolated Systolic Hypertension - A short Video

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Cardiology Mcqs - Choose the Most appropriate Mangement?

A 65-year-old male with a history of controlled HTN comes to the emergency department with acute onset weakness of his left upper limb, that resolved over twelve hours. He had suffered two similar episodes over the last 4 months. Examination reveals a B.P of 132/82 mmHg and ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with a ventricular rate of 85 per minute. CT brain scan is normal.
What is the most appropriate Management ?

1. Warfarin
2. Amiodarone
3. Dypiradamole
4. Aspirin 
5. Digoxin

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Cardiology Mcqs - Choose the Most Appropriate Treatment Option

A 58 year old man presents with acute breathlessness following a convulsion. On examining his blood pressure was 250/120 mmHg and fundal examination showed pailloedema with several haemorrhages and cotton wool spots. His urea, electrolytes and creatinine are normal but chest X-ray reveals pulmonary oedema and cardiomegaly. Which one of the following options is the most appropriate immediate treatment?

1. Nifedipine LA 30 mg P/O
2. Nifedipine 5 mg Sublingually
3. Intravenous Sodium Nitroprusside
4. Intravenous Labetalol
5. Atenolol 50 mg P/O

ANSWER IS 3
Patient is suffering from Malignant hypertension. Sodium Nitroprusside is treatment of choice in this Condition.


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Cardiology Mcqs - Most Likely Cardiac Lesion ?

A 50-year-old female had many syncopal episodes over the last one year. Each episode was followed by sudden but brief loss of consciousness. She has no chest pain or ankle edema. On brain MRI there is a 1.8 cm cystic area in the left parietal cortex. A chest X-ray shows no cardiomegaly, and her lung fields are clear. Her serum total cholesterol is 6.8 mmol/L. Which of the following cardiac lesions is she most likely to have?

1. Tuberculous Pericarditis
2. Mitral Valve Prolapse
3. Left Atrial Myxoma
4. Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
5. Cardiac Amyloidosis

ANSWER is 3 - Atrial Myxoma

Atrial Myxomas are found more often in the left side of Heart. They are benign but they can embolize small portions of themselves or thrombus formed on their surface. 

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How to Mentally Prepare yourself For USMLE?

In order to become a doctor in the USA, people must get through a series of examinations that are conducted by the National Board of Medical Examiners. These examinations are collectively known as United States Medical Licensing Examinations, that is, USMLE. There are four separate papers that candidates must pass, in order to earn the eligibility for medical licensure. They are termed as Step 1, Step 2 and Step 3. 

The Step 1 of USMLE exam is designed to test whether a candidate is capable of understanding and applying different concepts of sciences in the medicinal practice. It emphasizes on mechanisms and principles of health, ailments, and types of therapies. This step establishes the fact that not only mastery of sciences, but also mastery of scientific principles are required to provide the foundation for safe and competent medicinal practice in today’s world.

Step 2 of the USMLE exam is designed to test whether a candidate can apply medical knowledge, understanding and skills to provide patient care. This step emphasizes on disease prevention and health promotion. This step establishes the fact that due attention is required to provide sound foundation of safe and competent medicinal practice.

Step 3 is the clinical skills examination. This step basically establishes that mastery of communication and clinical skills, as well as cognitive skills are necessary to obtain medical licensure.

 Medical students must make sure that they are acquainted with most of the medical know-hows, as they prepare for a major exam like USMLE. They must have access to reference texts. Following a proper strategy is important to score high in the USMLE exam. Having said that, other important factors that are important for students seeking an answer to ‘How to Mentally Prepare yourself For USMLE?’ are self-discipline, dedication and mental stamina. Without these qualities a student cannot prepare properly for a major exam like USMLE.

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